In this article, Dr Ritesh Shah highlights how Palestinian children’s optimism and sense of security significantly declined between 2019 and 2022, Data revealed that hope for the future of children in Gaza dropped from 80% in 2019 to just 20% by 2022. Factors contributing to this decline include repeated military conflict, economic hardship, and daily exposure to violence and deprivation. The article underscores the urgent need for addressing both immediate and structural causes of insecurity in their lives. Read the article: ‘We remain afraid of the future’ – how Palestinian children’s optimism was fading even before this crisis